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<![CDATA[观夏Note]]> //gm.angeldm.com/index.php zh-cn //gm.angeldm.com/post// <![CDATA[CISCO路由器IOS升级方法]]> 果面 <admin@yourname.com> Fri, 15 Jan 2010 00:59:24 +0000 //gm.angeldm.com/post//
    ROM:只读存储器包含路由器正在使用的IOS的一份副本；

    RAM:IOS将随机访问存储器分成共享和主存。主要用来存储运行中的路由器配置和与路由协议有关的IOS数据结构；

    FLASH (闪存)：用来存储IOS软件映像文件，闪存是可以擦除内存，它能够用IOS的新版本覆写，IOS升级主要是闪存中的IOS映像文件进行更换。

    NVRAM：非易失性随机访问存储器，用来存储系统的配置文件。

    IOS升级方法一

    在对能够正常启动的CISCO路由器的IOS进行升级时，比较简单。具体步骤如下：

    1、寻找一种TFTP服务器软件（有CISCO公司的TFTPServer或3COM公司的3Cserver等，在升级较大IOS映象文件时，建议用 3Cserver），安装在一台计算机上，将要升级的IOS映象文件拷贝到相关的目录中（例：D:\），并运行TFTP服务器软件，通过菜单设置Root 目录为拷贝IOS映象文件所在目录（如D:\）。假设该计算机的IP地址为10.32.10.1；

    2、连接路由器的console口与PC机的COM1，使用PC的超级终端软件访问路由器，将路由器的地址设为10.32.10.32（与计算机的IP地址同网段即可）。建议在进行IOS升级前将原有IOS文件备份下来，防止待升级的IOS文件存在问题不可用；

    Router# dir flash:     (查看目前IOS映象文件名，也可用Router#Show version)

    Directory of flash:/

    1  -rw-     5998292                C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN

    8388608 bytes total (2390252 bytes free)

    Router#copy flash tftp            （备份IOS文件）

    Source filename []?c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin

    Address or name of remote host []? 10.32.10.1    (TFTP服务器地址)

    Destination filename [c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin]?

    !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

    …

    !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

    5998292 bytes copied in 324.071 secs (18509 bytes/sec)

    Router#

    3、对路由器进行IOS升级；

    Router#copy tftp flash

    Address or name of remote host []? 10.32.10.1       (TFTP服务器地址)

    Source filename []? c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin         （需升级的新IOS映象文件名）

    Destination filename [c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin]?

    Do you want to over write? [confirm]

    Accessing tftp://10.32.10.1/c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin...

    Erase flash: before copying? [confirm]

    Erasing the flash filesystem will remove all files! Continue? [confirm]

    Erasing device... eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ...erasedee

    Erase of flash: complete

    Loading c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin from 10.32.10.1 (via Ethernet0/0): !!!!!!!!!!!!!!

    !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

    …

    !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

    [OK - 5998292 bytes]

    Verifying checksum...  OK (0xA0C0)

    5998292 bytes copied in 318.282 secs (18846 bytes/sec)

    Router#

    IOS升级方法二

    由于升级失败后或者路由器的config-register寄存器值为0x2101时，开启路由器时、或者在开启（某些型号）Cisco路由器的电源开关后30秒内按下Ctrl+break键，中断路由器的正常启动，路由器都会进入rom监视模式,即Router(boot)>，在这种情形下，对路由器的IOS进行升级，也比较简单。首先进入特权模式下，即

    Router(boot)>en

    Router(boot)#

    其他升级步骤同方法一，即：执行copy tftp flash命令，对IOS进行升级。升级完成后，不要忘了修改config-register寄存器值为0x2102（恢复正常值）。

    Router(boot)# t

    Router(boot)( config)# config-register 0x2102

    Router(boot)( config)#exit

    Router(boot)#wr

    Router(boot)#reload

    重启即可。

    IOS升级方法三

    由于不小心使用了命令erase flash或升级失败后或在开启（某些型号）Cisco路由器的电源开关后30秒内按下Ctrl+break键，中断路由器的正常启动，路由器都会进入 rom监视模式,即 rommon 1>，在这种情形下，对路由器的IOS进行升级，情况要稍微复杂一点。在rommon 1>状态下，可键?请求帮助。(1为命令行序号，每执行1条命令自动加1)

    rommon 1 > ?

    alias               set and display aliases command

    boot                boot up an external process

    break               set/show/clear the breakpoint

    confreg             configuration register utility

    cont                continue executing a downloaded image

    context             display the context of a loaded image

    cookie              display contents of cookie PROM in hex

    dev                 list the device table

    dir                 list files in file system

    dis                 display instruction stream

    dnld                serial download a program module

    frame               print out a selected stack frame

    help                monitor builtin command help

    history             monitor command history

    meminfo             main memory information

    repeat              repeat a monitor command

    reset               system reset

    set                 display the monitor variables

    stack               produce a stack trace

    sync                write monitor environment to NVRAM

    sysret              print out info from last system return

    tftpdnld            tftp image download

    unalias             unset an alias

    unset               unset a monitor variable

    xmodem              x/ymodem image download

    rommon 2 >

    在rommon 1>状态下有两种升级IOS方法。

    ㈠、通过Xmodem命令（注：Xmodem与实际的modem没有任何联系只是一个传输协议数据是通过终端的串口和路由器的Console口灌进去的）升级IOS，具体步骤如下：

    1、用Cisco原配的线缆连接路由器的console口与PC机的COM1，使用PC机的超级终端软件访问路由器，这时不需要对PC和路由器配置任何地址。

    2、在这个模式下，输入Xmodem命令，即：

    rommon 2 > xmodem -c c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin

    （-c是带校验，c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin为存放在PC机上的IOS映像文件）

    WARNING: All existing data in bootflash will be lost!

    Invoke this application only for disaster recovery.

    Do you wish to continue? y/n  [n]:  y

    Ready to receive file c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin ...      （此时在超级终端的传送栏目=> 选择发送文件选项 => 再选择Xmodem 并指明IOS映像文件所在的路径，按发送即开始上传IOS,等待时间很长，视IOS的大小和传输速度。）

    Erasing flash at 0x607c0000

    program flash location 0x605b0000

    Download Complete!

    传完以后，对整个系统初始化显示如下：

    program load complete, entry point: 0x80008000, size: 0x5b85e0

    Self decompressing the image : #################################################

    ################################################# [OK]

    Smart Init is disabled. IOMEM set to: 10

    Using iomem percentage: 10

    Restricted Rights Legend

    Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is

    subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph

    (c) of the Commercial Computer Software - Restricted

    Rights clause at FAR sec. 52.227-19 and subparagraph

    (c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer

    Software clause at DFARS sec. 252.227-7013.

    cisco Systems, Inc.

    170 West Tasman Drive

    San Jose, California 95134-1706

    Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software

    IOS (tm) C2600 Software (C2600-I-M), Version 12.2(11)T9,  RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)

    TAC Support: http://www.cisco.com/tac

    Copyright (c) 1986-2003 by cisco Systems, Inc.

    Compiled Mon 23-Jun-03 15:42 by cmong

    Image text-base: 0x8000809C, data-base: 0x80A68B48

    cisco 2610 (MPC860) processor (revision 0x203) with 22528K/2048K bytes of memory

    Processor board ID JAD03483395 (1128032249)

    M860 processor: part number 0, mask 49

    Bridging software.

    X.25 software, Version 3.0.0.

    1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)

    2 Serial(sync/async) network interface(s)

    32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.

    8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write)

    Press RETURN to get started!

    *Mar  1 00:00:05.652: %PA-2-UNDEFPA: Undefined Port Adaptor type 100 in bay 1

    *Mar  1 00:00:07.996: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0/0, changed state to up

    *Mar  1 00:00:07.996: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/0, changed state to down

    *Mar  1 00:00:07.996: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/1, changed state to down

    *Mar  1 00:00:09.142: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Ethernet0/0, changed state to up

    *Mar  1 00:00:09.142: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to down

    *Mar  1 00:00:09.142: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/1, changed state to down

    *Mar  1 00:00:09.458: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from memory by console

    *Mar  1 00:00:11.245: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/1, changed state to administratively down

    *Mar  1 00:00:12.275: %SYS-5-RESTART: System restarted --Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software

    IOS (tm) C2600 Software (C2600-I-M), Version 12.2(11)T9,  RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)

    TAC Support: http://www.cisco.com/tac

    Copyright (c) 1986-2003 by cisco Systems, Inc.

    Compiled Mon 23-Jun-03 15:42 by cmong

    *Mar  1 00:00:12.279: %SNMP-5-COLDSTART: SNMP agent on host NE16 is undergoing a cold start

    Router>

    采用这种方法时，由于使用console口来传送，速率为9600bps，需要时间较长。因此可修改console口速率利用xmodem命令实现快速升级IOS。具体方法如下：

    rommon 1 > confreg 回车

    Configuration Summary

    enabled are:

    load rom after netboot fails

    console baud: 9600

    boot: image specified by the boot system commands

    or default to: cisco2-C2600

    do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: y (选择 yes)

    enable "diagnostic mode"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

    enable "use net in IP bcast address"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

    disable "load rom after netboot fails"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

    enable "use all zero broadcast"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

    enable "break/abort has effect"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

    enable "ignore system config info"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

    change console baud rate? y/n [n]: y (选择 yes)

    enter rate: 0 = 9600, 1 = 4800, 2 = 1200, 3 = 2400

    4 = 19200, 5 = 38400, 6 = 57600, 7 = 115200 [0]: 7 (选择 7,用最大的11520

    速率的xmodem传输)

    change the boot characteristics? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

    Configuration Summary

    enabled are:

    load rom after netboot fails

    console baud: 115200

    boot: image specified by the boot system commands

    or default to: cisco2-C2600

    do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

    You must reset or power cycle for new config to take effect

    rommon 2 > reset 回车

    注意：在按reset键前，需要修改串口速度（我的电脑---端口属性----串口速度调为115200），然后再修改超级终端里设置速率为 115200，记住，一定要这么做，否则会出现乱码！然后关闭这个超级终端，重新建立一个超级终端连接，重新启动系统后，出现

    rommon 1> 提示符

    然后,输入

    rommon 1> xmodem -r

    Do not start the sending program yet...

    Invoke this application only for disaster recovery.

    Do you wish to continue? y/n [n]: y (选择 yes)

    Ready to receive file ...

    此时，在超级终端的菜单上的“传送”---“发送文件”----选择IOS映像文件所在地以及选择使用“xmodem”协议，点击“发送”即可。等待10 -20分钟左右就可升级完3-6M的IOS文件！待升级完成后，请记住修改回计算机串口与超级终端、路由器confreg下的xmodem等传输速率为 9600bps。

    方法如下：

    Router>en 进入新IOS的特权模式

    Router#reload 重启系统

    Proceed with reload? [confirm] 回车

    00:01:04: %SYS-5-RELOAD: Reload requested

    System Bootstrap, Version 11.3(2)XA4, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)

    Copyright (c) 1999 by cisco Systems, Inc.

    TAC:Home:SW:IOS:Specials for info

    PC = 0xfff0a530, Vector = 0x500, SP = 0x680127b0

    C2600 platform with 24576 Kbytes of main memory

    PC = 0xfff0a530, Vector = 0x500, SP = 0x80004684

    monitor: command "boot" aborted due to user interrupt

    30秒内按ctrl+break键

    rommon 1 > confreg （输入“confreg”命令）

    Configuration Summary

    enabled are:

    load rom after netboot fails

    console baud: 115200

    boot: image specified by the boot system commands

    or default to: cisco2-C2600

    do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: y (选择 yes)

    enable "diagnostic mode"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

    enable "use nn IP bcast address"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

    disable "load rom after netboot fails"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

    enable "use all zero broadcast"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

    enable "break/abort has effect"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

    enable "ignore system config info"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

    change console baud rate? y/n [n]: y (选择 yes)

    enter rate: 0 = 9600, 1 = 4800, 2 = 1200, 3 = 2400

    4 = 19200, 5 = 38400, 6 = 57600, 7 = 115200 [7]: 0 (选择 0,改回用标准速率速率9600的xmodem传输)

    change the boot characteristics? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

    Configuration Summary

    enabled are:

    load rom after netboot fails

    console baud: 9600

    boot: image specified by the boot system commands

    or default to: cisco2-C2600

    do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: n

    You must reset or power cycle for new config to take effect

    rommon 2 >

    此时手工改回计算机串口与超级终端2者传输速率为9600

    然后敲入

    rommon 2 >reset

    最好关掉电源后，重新启动。利用xmodem命令实现路由器IOS升级速度较慢，往往等上很长时间，为了快速升级，可以采用下列方法。

    ㈡通过tftpdnld命令升级IOS，具体步骤如下：

    1、用Cisco原配的线缆连接路由器的console口与PC机的COM1，使用PC机的超级终端软件访问路由器；用一根双绞线连接路由器的eth0/0口与PC机的网卡。

    2、将路由器的eth0/0口IP地址设为10.32.10.32；PC机的IP地址设为10.32.10.1。将要升级的IOS映象文件拷贝到相关的目录中，并运行TFTP服务器软件，通过菜单设置Root目录为拷贝IOS映象文件所在目录。

    3、通过set 命令查看配置参数

    rommon 2 > set

    PS1=rommon ! >

    BOOT=

    BSI=0

    RET_2_RTS=

    ?=0

    4、在 rommon 状态下输入：（注意大小写）

    rommon 3 >IP_ADDRESS＝10.32.10.1             (路由器的ip地址)

    rommon 4 >IP_SUBNET_MASK＝255.255.255.0     （路由器的掩码）

    rommon 5 >DEFAULT_GATEWAY＝10.32.10.32     （缺省网关，是pc机的ip地址）

    rommon 6 >TFTP_SERVER＝10.32.10.32         （是pc机的ip地址）

    rommon 7 >TFTP_FILE＝C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN    （上传ios文件的名称）

    rommon 8>sync                             （保存参数配置）

    rommon 9 >set                              （查看）

    rommon 10 > set

    PS1=rommon ! >

    BOOT=

    IP_ADDRESS=10.32.10.1

    IP_SUBNET_MASK=255.255.255.0

    DEFAULT_GATEWAY=10.32.10.32

    TFTP_SERVER=10.32.10.32

    TFTP_FILE=C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN

    BSI=0

    RET_2_RTS=

    ?=0

    rommon 11 >tftpdnld

    执行tftpdnld命令进行ios升级，有时可能会报错或命令不执行，这时只要用sync命令保存配置后，重新启动路由器（最好关掉电源再开机）后，再执行tftpdnld命令就可以了。

    rommon 11 >tftpdnld（传送文件）出现提示选择y

    IP_ADDRESS: 10.32.10.1

    IP_SUBNET_MASK: 255.255.255.0

    DEFAULT_GATEWAY: 10.32.10.32

    TFTP_SERVER: 10.32.10.32

    TFTP_FILE: C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN

    Invoke this command for disaster recovery only.

    WARNING: all existing data in all partitions on flash will be lost!

    Do you wish to continue? y/n:  [n]:  y

    Receiving C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN from 10.32.10.32!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

    !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

    …

    !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

    File reception completed.

    Copying file C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN to flash.

    Erasing flash at 0x607c0000

    program flash location 0x605b0000

    rommon 13 >

    在rommon 13 >提示符下键入reset，或重新启动路由器（power-cycle）,进入正常引导状态，即：

    Router>

    在Cisco2500、2600、7200等系列路由器上均实际操作过，以上为在Cisco2610路由器上实际操作捕获或截屏，所配地址只是特例，大家可根据实际需要予以修改。最后建议：大家在作正常路由器系统升级时，为防止不正确操作等引起的升级失败，请先把路由器原有的系统备份下来，包括 FLASH中IOS和NVRAM中的配置文件。 ]]> //gm.angeldm.com/read.php?&guid=0#topreply <![CDATA[[评论] CISCO路由器IOS升级方法]]> <user@domain.com> Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 +0000 //gm.angeldm.com/read.php?&guid=0#topreply